Vegetation data

Plot.ID consecutive numbers for plots (in total 36 plots) Treatment One restoration treatment and two reference treatments. Topsoil+Propagules= Topsoil removal (upper 10-30 cm) combined with introduction of target plant species; Initial=intensively managed grasslands; Target= species-rich semi-wet to semi-dry grasslands treat.yr Treatment abbreviation. For restored grasslands: Treatment abbreviation + time since restoration; Initial + Target = NA yr.trt year when topsoil was removed; Initial + Target = NA Age time since restoration (sampling year 2018 - yr.trt); Initial + Target = NA Age.class restored sites of similar age grouped into four age classes. Y.4 = Year 3+4 (recently restored); Y.18 = Year 17+19 (mid-term); Y.24 = Year 23+25 (long-term); Y.30 = Year 27+32 (long-term); Initial + Target = NA Cluster clustered spatial arrangment of sites in the field (see Supporting Information Fig. S1) Site clustered spatial arrangment (replicates) of plots per site (see Supporting Information Fig. S1) column I-LW Plant abundance per species (in total 327 plant species) expressed as cover percentage estimation according to van der Maarel (vdM 1979; 7 classes: 1-7); nomenclature according to Lauber & Wagner (1996)